About this video
- Video Title: 盆行事②（歴史つづき）改
- Channel: 橋本章彦
- Speakers: 橋本章彦
- Duration: 13:09
Overview
This video discusses the evolution of Obon (盆行事) rituals in Japan, focusing on changes from the Heian to the Muromachi periods. It details how the ceremonies, originally centered around the imperial court and then aristocracy, gradually shifted to become more family-oriented, incorporating elements like grave visits and prayers for ancestors, eventually leading to the practices seen today.
Key takeaways
- Heian Period Obon: The rituals in the Heian period were primarily observed by the imperial court and aristocracy. Court ceremonies involved placing offerings on a mat for the Emperor, who would then partake three times. Aristocrats also performed a similar ritual, but with only two partakings. These offerings were then sent to specific temples.
- Early Obon Practices: The core of the ritual involved preparing offerings on the day before the main event (July 14th), offering them to the departed, and then sending them to temples. The actual Obon ceremony took place on July 15th, where these offerings were used in memorial services. This practice largely followed the content of the "Urabonkyo" (盂蘭盆経).
- Changes in the Muromachi Period: By the Muromachi period, Obon rituals underwent significant changes. The duration of the observance expanded, and rituals began to be conducted at residences rather than solely at temples.
- Shift to Family-Centric Observance: A major transformation was the broadening of who was being commemorated. While Heian-era ceremonies focused on direct parents, the Muromachi period saw the inclusion of more distant relatives and eventually ancestors. This marked a shift towards family-centered observances, aligning more closely with modern practices.
- Dual Nature of Obon: During the Muromachi period, Obon observances became a two-pronged event: family-centered rituals at home (like "tanagyo" performed by monks visiting homes) and temple-based memorial services (known as "sega-kie" at this time).
