This video explains the process of glycation, how it's triggered by sugar reacting with proteins and lipids, and the harmful effects of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) in the body. It introduces carnosine as a supplement that can neutralize the reactive species that initiate glycation, thereby preventing damage to cells, DNA, and potentially mitigating insulin resistance and cognitive decline. The video also discusses dosing and timing for carnosine supplementation, as well as its relationship with beta-alanine.