About this Video

• Video Title: 83021
• Channel: Rutgers Accounting Web
• Speakers: (Speaker name not explicitly mentioned in transcript)
• Duration: 00:42:05

Introduction

This video explains fundamental cloud computing concepts. It traces the history of cloud computing, details key technologies (service-oriented architecture, grid computing, utility computing, and hardware virtualization), and defines cloud computing according to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The video also covers service models (infrastructure, platform, and software as a service) and deployment models (public, private, community, and hybrid).

Key Takeaways

• Cloud Computing History: The video traces the evolution of cloud computing from its conceptual origins in the 1950s with John McCarthy's time-sharing ideas to its modern implementation by companies like Amazon, Google, and Apple.
• Key Technologies: Service-oriented architecture (SOA), grid computing, utility computing, and hardware virtualization are explained as core technologies enabling cloud computing. SOA facilitates standardized communication between services; grid computing allows multiple computers to function as one; utility computing provides pay-per-use services; and hardware virtualization uses virtual resources to simulate physical ones.
• NIST Definition of Cloud Computing: Cloud computing is defined as a model enabling on-demand network access to shared, configurable computing resources.
• Service Models: Three main service models are detailed: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). Variations such as Communication as a Service and Identity as a Service are also mentioned.
• Deployment Models: Four deployment models are described: public, private, community, and hybrid clouds. Each model offers different levels of access and control.

This video module on cloud computing covers its history, core technologies, and different service and deployment models. Key concepts include:

• Cloud Computing's Origins: The video traces the idea back to the 1950s with John McCarthy's work on time-sharing, highlighting its evolution through ARPANET and the contributions of companies like Compact Computer and Amazon.

• Core Technologies: The module explains four crucial technologies: service-oriented architecture (SOA) for standardized service communication, grid computing for combining multiple computers into a single powerful system, utility computing for pay-per-use services, and hardware virtualization for efficiently using server resources.

• NIST Definition and Characteristics: Cloud computing is defined as on-demand network access to shared, configurable computing resources. Key characteristics include on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service.

• Service Models: Three primary service models are detailed: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS), with examples of each.

• Deployment Models: Four deployment models are explained: public, private, community, and hybrid clouds, each offering varying levels of access and control.

In short, the video provides a comprehensive overview of cloud computing, its historical context, underlying technologies, and diverse service and deployment options.

This video module on cloud computing offers a comprehensive overview of the subject, tracing its history from early conceptualizations in the 1950s to its current widespread use. Key technological underpinnings, such as service-oriented architecture (SOA), grid computing, utility computing, and hardware virtualization, are explained in detail. The module uses the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) definition of cloud computing and outlines its essential characteristics: on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service. Furthermore, it distinguishes between three primary service models—Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS)—providing concrete examples of each. Finally, the video explores four common deployment models: public, private, community, and hybrid clouds, clarifying their respective access and control mechanisms. In essence, the module provides a strong foundation in understanding cloud computing's evolution, its technical basis, and its diverse applications.

Let's briefly explain Grid Computing, Utility Computing, and Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) as they relate to cloud computing:

• Grid Computing: Imagine needing to perform a massive calculation that's too complex for even the most powerful single computer. Grid computing solves this by linking many computers together into a virtual "supercomputer." A large task is broken down into smaller parts, and each part is assigned to a different computer in the grid. The computers work simultaneously, combining their results to complete the overall task much faster than a single machine could. This approach is cost-effective because it leverages existing hardware instead of building one enormous, expensive machine.

• Utility Computing: This model is similar to how you pay for utilities like electricity or water—you only pay for what you consume. In cloud computing, this means you're billed based on your actual usage of resources like computing power, storage, or bandwidth. You don't pay a flat fee for a fixed amount of resources you might not fully utilize. This flexibility allows businesses to scale their resources up or down as needed, optimizing costs.

• Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA): SOA is a design principle that structures applications as independent, reusable services that communicate with each other. Think of it as building with LEGOs—each brick (service) can be used in various combinations to create different structures (applications). This modularity makes it easier to update or change individual services without affecting the entire system. If one service needs an upgrade, it can be done without disrupting others, improving efficiency and reducing downtime. In a cloud environment, SOA enables different cloud services to interact seamlessly, creating complex functionalities from basic building blocks.

Cloud computing relies on several key architectural concepts to achieve its scalability and efficiency. Grid computing, for instance, enables the aggregation of numerous computers into a single, powerful virtual machine, allowing for the rapid processing of large, complex tasks by distributing the workload across multiple machines. This approach is significantly more cost-effective than building and maintaining a single, exorbitantly powerful machine. Complementing grid computing is the utility computing model, which mirrors the pay-per-use structure of traditional utilities like electricity. Users are billed only for the resources they actively consume, such as processing power or storage space, providing unparalleled flexibility and cost optimization. Finally, service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a crucial design principle that facilitates the development of modular and interoperable applications. By breaking down applications into independent, reusable services that communicate via standardized interfaces, SOA significantly simplifies updates and maintenance, reducing downtime and increasing overall efficiency. This modularity is particularly advantageous in cloud environments where diverse services interact to deliver complex functionalities.