Biological Molecules - Organic Chemistry II | BIALIGY.com

About this video

• Video Title: Biological Molecules - Organic Chemistry II | BIALIGY.com
• Channel: BIALIGY
• Speakers: None explicitly mentioned
• Duration: 12:46

Overview

This video explains several key functional groups commonly found in biological molecules within the context of organic chemistry. It details the structure, properties, and implications of hydroxyl, carbonyl (including aldehydes and ketones), carboxyl, and amino groups. The video emphasizes the polarity and hydrophilic nature of these groups and how they influence molecular interactions.

Key takeaways

• Hydroxyl Group (-OH): Characterized by an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen. It's a polar functional group due to oxygen's electronegativity, making it hydrophilic and soluble in water.
• Carbonyl Group (C=O): Consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. It can be found in aldehydes (if the carbonyl carbon is at the end of a carbon skeleton) or ketones (if the carbonyl carbon is within the carbon skeleton). Carbonyl groups are polar and hydrophilic.
• Carboxyl Group (-COOH): Contains a carbonyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group. It exists in both nonionized (proton donor, acidic) and ionized (polar, hydrophilic) forms. The ionized form results from the donation of a proton (H+), leaving a negatively charged oxygen.
• Amino Group (-NH2): Composed of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. It can act as a proton acceptor, making it basic. In its ionized form, it gains a proton and becomes positively charged (-NH3+), contributing to its hydrophilic nature.