Biomolecules (Updated 2023)

About this Video

• Video Title: Biomolecules (Updated 2023)
• Channel: Amoeba Sisters
• Speakers: Amoeba Sisters (The specific names of the sisters are not mentioned in the transcript)
• Duration: 00:07:49

Introduction

This video provides an overview of the four main classes of biomolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It explains their monomers (building blocks), key functions within cells and organisms, and common examples in food sources. The video emphasizes the importance of biomolecule structure and function, not nutrition itself.

Key Takeaways

• Carbohydrates: Monomer is monosaccharide (e.g., glucose). Functions include cell wall structure (cellulose in plants, chitin in fungi and insects), fast energy source, and energy storage (starch in plants, glycogen in animals).
• Lipids: Generally hydrophobic; building blocks often include glycerol and fatty acids. Functions include cell membrane structure (phospholipid bilayer), long-term energy storage, insulation (myelin sheath, blubber), and hormone production.
• Proteins: Monomer is amino acid. Functions include structural components (muscle tissue, hair, collagen), cell membrane components (protein channels, receptors), enzymes, antibodies, and some hormones (e.g., insulin).
• Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA): Monomer is nucleotide. Functions include storage and use of genetic information, coding for traits and directing cell activities. Present in all living things. A mnemonic, CHO, CHO, CHON, CHONP, helps remember common elements.