Cell Structure - Cell Categories | BIALIGY.com

About this video

• Video Title: Cell Structure - Cell Categories | BIALIGY.com
• Channel: BIALIGY
• Speakers: None listed
• Duration: 00:09:37

Overview

This video explains the two major categories of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. It details the defining characteristics, origins, and basic structures of each, emphasizing the presence or absence of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles as key distinctions.

Key takeaways

• Prokaryotic Cells: These were the first living cells, originating about 3.5 billion years ago. They are characterized by the absence of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea, are typically single-celled, and range from 1 to 10 micrometers in size. They possess a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, cytosol, ribosomes, and a nucleoid region containing free-floating DNA.
• Eukaryotic Cells: These cells arose about 1.8 billion years ago and possess a true nucleus, which is membrane-bound, separating the DNA from the cytoplasm. They also feature other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotes are generally larger than prokaryotes, ranging from 10 to 100 micrometers. They include all complex life forms and have a plasma membrane and cytoplasm.
• Key Differences: The primary distinction lies in the presence of a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotes, which are absent in prokaryotes. Prokaryotes have a nucleoid region for their DNA, while eukaryotes have a defined nucleus.
• Common Features: Both cell types share a plasma membrane that encloses their internal environment and a cytoplasm filled with cytosol, which facilitates the movement of cellular components. Both also contain ribosomes for protein synthesis.