This video explains the fallacy of false opposition, also known as false dichotomy or false dilemma. The speaker uses a recent post about intelligence versus kindness to illustrate how people often create or fall into the trap of believing two things are contradictory when they are not, or when they are complementary. The video also introduces Carlos Vaz Ferreira and his book "Lógica Viva" as a resource for understanding critical thinking and avoiding such fallacies, discussing common ways these fallacies manifest, such as exaggeration, simplification, and the desire for exclusivity.