History of ancient Mexico, Mesoamerica Toltec, Maya, Aztec, Olmec, Zapotec history

About this Video

• Video Title: History of ancient Mexico, Mesoamerica Toltec, Maya, Aztec, Olmec, Zapotec history
• Channel: Epimetheus
• Speakers: Narrator
• Duration: 12:41

Introduction

This video provides a concise overview of the history of ancient Mesoamerica, focusing on significant civilizations like the Olmec, Zapotec, Maya, Toltec, and Aztec. The narrator aims to present a broad timeline and highlight the interconnections and influences between these cultures, going beyond the commonly discussed Aztecs and Maya.

Key Takeaways

• Olmec Civilization (c. 1200-400 BC): The Olmecs were the first to develop a written language in the Americas, establishing large cities, pyramids, and complex societal structures. Their influence significantly shaped subsequent Mesoamerican civilizations. They prized jade and established extensive trade networks.
• Zapotec Empire (500 BC-700 AD): Arose from a union of three distinct populations, the Zapotec Empire ruled over 1000 cities and towns. They developed an early calendar system and possibly the earliest glyphic script in the New World, boasting the longest continuous civilization in the region.
• Maya Civilization (Pre-Classic to Post-Classic): The Maya civilization spanned several periods, marked by advancements in mathematics, city planning, and scientific achievement. Rivalry and warfare were common among Maya city-states. Powerful city-states like Calakmul and Tikal dominated at various times.
• Toltec Civilization (c. 900-1122 AD): Known for their military prowess, the Toltecs established a powerful empire through conquest, characterized by a structured military and widespread influence across Mesoamerica. Their capital, Tula, was eventually burned to the ground in 1122 AD.
• Aztec Empire (c. 14th-16th Century): Emerging from a period of chaos following the Toltecs, the Mexica (Aztecs) established Tenochtitlan, a large and well-planned capital. They conquered surrounding city-states, forming the Aztec Empire. Their dominance ended with the Spanish conquest.
• Spanish Conquest (1519 AD): The Spanish conquest of Mesoamerica led to the destruction of much of the region's culture and history, including the burning of countless books.