This video explains what astigmatism is, how it affects vision, and provides a method for improving it through "active focusing." The speaker distinguishes between true astigmatism (a corneal deformation) and lens-induced astigmatism, which they believe is correctable with this technique. The video details how astigmatism causes double or ghost images and demonstrates how to retrain the eyes to focus on the primary image, thereby merging the ghost image and improving clarity.