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Lecture - Networking Issues | COFYT

Lecture - Networking Issues

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Lecture - Networking Issues

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thank you guys sorry about that all right so let's begin by going back over what we discovered on Thursday and then 0:21 stepping further into it I believe last Thursday we talked about some Network 0:27 apologies 0:39 and I introduced a few of them ring 0:46 bus and a star and the way I introduced them to you was a logical layout um and that is 0:55 basically how the message is passed from no to node in 1:00 these networks when we look at topologies they're basically trying to 1:06 explain how we handle contention competing for limited resources or 1:11 shared medium okay uh the biggest hurdle with our Network performance is more and 1:17 more users are going on it and that's because the internet's becoming more and more popular because you are making that 1:26 happen with your own content I mean how often do we go on the internet for 1:31 checking up checking Facebook statuses or checking what somebody's posted or 1:37 watching YouTube videos I mean it's hard for TV producers or writers to compete 1:42 with the popularity of YouTube When We are watching each other 1:48 on a global platform and as a result its popularity is sort of self feeding you 1:55 contribute to this your contribution is what makes other people to watch it so 2:01 we ask ourselves well what happens when this growth starts becoming epidemic and 2:08 they're saying every year the internet doubles in size that's pretty 2:13 remarkable so we looked at ring bus and star and the one that I spent a lot of 2:18 time on last week was basically your local area network and how we use a star 2:25 topology to explain how things go on so I said this terminology local area 2:31 network which is commonly short for a land and we set a definition of a 2:38 network is two or more devices connected together to share resources right well how do we connect these devices together 2:45 using a star topology the first thing is they have a center a shared Center if 2:52 you will Network equipment would call this a 2:58 switch and off of this switch they're going to be 3:07 nodes and devices a switch is not considered a 3:13 node it's considered an intermediary device its purpose is to just act as a 3:20 coordinator between all the traffic flowing across the local area network 3:25 now right now the popularity isn't local area networks as as much as 3:32 it's wide area 3:44 networks now we do have more than one device some people have smartphones 3:49 tablets laptops PCS or smart televisions and the biggest thing that 3:54 we try to share in our house isn't really local resources as much as it's our internet connection to our 4:01 ISP the reason why we care about sharing that more than anything else is because 4:06 that's a monthly cost right you're looking at 40 50 60 and and Beyond so why should we have an 4:14 internet connection for each of our devices well we can simply have one device whose so responsibility is to 4:22 share their connection to the world with all these other devices 4:30 now this is going to be changing I'd like to just give you a 4:35 general generic layout and then you guys sort of fill in your 4:41 blanks I follow the ethernet standard when 4:46 I design my network that is I will buy an ethernet 4:53 switch you can think of the ethernet switch as being like a kingle splitter it's got many ports 5:01 that you plug your end devices into and by plugging them into they should be able to share resources now I said they 5:07 should be but we need to follow some protocols we're going to be following the Internet 5:14 Protocol version 4 and in a minute I'm going to run you guys back through the 5:19 troubleshooting steps on how to narrow down where you're experiencing some 5:28 problems what the does ipv4 tell me well 5:34 one all the computers on my network gets an address that looks 5:39 something like this a number followed by a DOT followed by another number followed by a DOT then another number 5:46 followed by a DOT and finally another number second it tells me that no two 5:52 computers on the same network can have the same IP address remember IP short 5:58 for Internet Protocol what we're trying to say is these computers are going to communicate with other computers on the internet they all 6:05 must have the same addressing scheme now what's the range that you can 6:12 pick a number between each octat now that's one4 of an IP address 6:20 right we said that an IP address is 32 bits a fourth of a 32-bit address is 6:27 eight right eight bits so we call that an octad 2 raised to 8 gives me 6:36 what 256 different possibilities that means each of these numbers can go from 0 to 6:42 255 is that okay and you can use them over and 6:48 over as long as no two numbers on the same network have the same IP address 6:55 okay here's the issue though 7:04 in order for these devices to communicate logically with each 7:09 other that's the difference here is logically we have a physical family that 7:16 is the people that you and I have the same genetic material with right we call 7:23 them brothers and sisters but is that the extent of your 7:28 family the people that share the genetic material when I went to college I joined 7:35 a fraternity and we called each other brothers I'm so glad some of those 7:41 people in my fraternity did not have the same genetic makeup as myself but we called each other brothers 7:49 and that would be the same as what these computers are going to call each other because they might not have the same 7:54 electronic makeup that is they might not all be the same manufacturer the same model one might be a tablet one might be 8:02 a smartphone but how do they communicate with each other logically how do they 8:09 accept that they are in the same family how do they know that it's okay to pass or share this type of data within this 8:16 network but it's not okay to share it out there in that hallway like when you and I are talking to each other we have 8:23 our own type of conversation our own rules our own ETI I tell you guys call me 8:31 Nick now your parents might believe that that's inappropriate and when you introduce me 8:36 to your parents you might say this is instructor Andre or Mr 8:43 Andre so how do these computers know that what's okay here is not okay 8:53 there like I said it's a local area network and how we Define a local area network is by who A Min minates it 9:00 whether it's a signal signal Administration or signal organization it's scope so I like to bring it back to your 9:10 home they're your devices now I'm a big Advocate 9:16 against having to buy multiple licenses I think you should buy one 9:21 license from Microsoft Office and should be able to install on any device that you own I also believe that you should 9:28 only buy one life Li for an antivirus and to be installed on everything and so 9:34 on now this might come to rition if we were to add a server in between here and 9:43 there and so all the protection comes to this server before it comes to these 9:49 local devices right so then you can install all your stuff on one location 9:54 then have access to it but then this server needs to be able 10:00 to determine because it's right in the middle if you will just like this router what's local and what's 10:09 remote that's where we look at the IP address like a name it has two parts a 10:17 first and last now our wife hopefully unless you 10:22 live in Kentucky sorry should have different genetic material 10:31 but when we get married they take on our last name 10:37 correct when we bring a new node into our 10:44 switch we make sure that they have at least the same network 10:50 that how do we know what is the network address and what is the host address we 10:58 have a thing called the subet mask I'll just abbreviate as SM and 11:05 that's going to be 255.0.0.0 in this 11:12 case for all Simplicity because we're not getting into subnetting if you see a number with 255 11:19 underneath it that number in the IP address contributes to the network address is that 11:26 okay if I were to change the subnet Mass so it's 11:32 255.255.0.0 I will also need to come over here and 11:37 change this number one that's the second one to be a number 11:43 two this way they both share the same network address you good about that now 11:49 I tell you this because I don't want you guys to be Network Engineers or administrators but I want you to be able 11:55 to troubleshoot your own computers because this happens your router is going to have an IP 12:02 address in fact your router is going to have two IP addresses this interface right here which we call the network 12:08 interface C is going to have an IP address that better belong to this 12:14 network that is to say it begins with 1.2 dot followed by some number that no 12:21 other device has let's call it 12:26 0.1 Okay so going to have another IP address this is going to be a public IP 12:34 Address given by the 12:48 ISP this number becomes very frightening it's this number on your 12:56 public side of your router that no two devices off on the internet can have 13:02 this other numbers on the private side this is like calling your son Nick and 13:08 your neighbor calling their son yet you guys are having a conversation you need to discipline your kid for 13:14 whatever reason if you say Nick in your own house the neighbor's kids ear shouldn't be ringing what did I do wrong 13:21 now it's within your own house and that's fine so weat this we do 13:28 an address translation so any and all packets that leave this router are 13:33 assigned this public IP address should this be a concern for you 13:40 guys wait until Thursday's class and you'll find out how frightening it is more 13:47 importantly what if you throw a wireless router onto your 13:53 network and you live in downtown Corning now I live in the country and I don't protect my wireless network because not 14:00 very many of us in the neighborhood should I protect it 14:06 probably should you protect it absolutely now I always bring this up 14:12 because I'm not sure where the laws are because they're changing a mile a minute and I hopefully we'll have this answer 14:17 to you by Thursday but let me ask you something in New York if you do not lock your liquor 14:25 up and Little Billy brings his friend over and they get shitfaced and his 14:31 friend starts stumbling down the street throwing back to his house and a cop 14:36 pulls him over for you know because you can get arrested for public indecency 14:43 correct who's accountable for that is that is that officially true in 14:51 New York same thing with gun control if you don't have a means to 14:59 show that you did your due diligence of keeping the trigger locked or the gun in 15:04 a gun cabinet or safe that you become accountable for the crime is it an 15:11 accomplice so let me ask you something what about this can you guys 15:18 commit cyber crimes could you give me an example of a cyber 15:26 crime child pornography you got something want tell the 15:33 class ouch I'm glad he said it and not me because I think my students think I'm 15:38 already goofy so now all right what other types of cyber crime nothing into 15:45 that degree of harshness that maybe we're all guilty in some form or 15:54 another Give an example a little bit more precise of an example of financial 16:00 crimes okay could be absolutely identity theft 16:06 yeah there that's what I was looking for thank you I wanted something that we can all say that our hands were dirty at one 16:13 point or another cuz I can attest that I did not commit identity thought sorry 16:18 theft or steal some other bu's credit card but maybe downloading music is a 16:24 crime that maybe we can all just share so any 16:30 case here's the problem though how do 16:36 we that is law officials track that activity and how do 16:42 we say that it's you that did it and not so and 16:48 so yeah it's this public IP address correct because all that traffic has to 16:54 go through your ISP remember we take these messages and we break up the packets packet contains 17:01 the payload so these isps have these routers that literally sniff these 17:08 packets and they can determine what services you're using but once again how do they know 17:17 it's you that did this and not somebody else is the get at a jail free card 17:25 setting up a rogue wireless router on your network and why do I say would this 17:31 be a get out of jail free card Mar you have your hand you want to say 17:39 [Music] something no once it gets to this point 17:45 your router is going to do what they call natting that it's going to translate all these devices which are 17:51 private IP addresses to a public IP address let's look at a mailing address 17:59 you guys are in Corning and you want to go to Canada you have a mailing address in 18:05 Canada you want to go to so you guys put it in your GPS while you're driving do you worry 18:11 about the street address as much as the city state or country look at the first largest part 18:18 and you narrow it down are you in Canada yet no go north until it says welcome to 18:24 Canada now you're in Canada what's the next thing you're going to look at The Province 18:32 correct once you're in that Province what are you going to look out next the city once you're in that City 18:41 what do you look for next the street name once you're on the right Street what do you look for next 18:49 the house number correct can we translate that into like one simple thing at a 18:56 time Canada are you validating anybody's personal security by saying I'm going to 19:04 Canada as far as this is concerned that's that that's that generic address 19:10 that represents your house in fact it represents your account to your 19:16 ISP okay now this number is probably Dynamic and your ISP has a database that 19:23 Associates that number and the time and the activity with it we learned about D 19:28 databases databases offers a level of convenience but also jeopardizes our 19:35 security so the question is by setting up a wireless router onto our network is 19:42 that our get out of fra uh get out of jail free part Heck if you want to commit a crime is it better just to walk 19:49 down the street and hijack somebody's wireless router and use their Network to commit 19:57 the crime absolutely same 20:07 thing okay yeah that's level of security but that you know of so you have to 20:13 hopefully your software is pretty good about this but there's a way around that as with anything so what she's saying is 20:18 that her smartphone is that right uh through her let's just call it ISP even 20:24 though it's a wireless carrier has allowed her to use her mobile phone as a way of hooking up to other wireless 20:30 devices to use her network connection and when she goes to pair her 20:36 labtop or any other device to her phone she has to accept it is that right so if 20:42 somebody else detects this Hotpot because she hasn't set a password up there she believes that she should feel 20:48 safe because she's got to approve or deny this okay what if somebody comes around 20:55 it and then starts using your phone to do attacks we're talking about accountability here 21:01 because folks these wireless routers as you well know aren't directly 21:07 connected by some means of tracking it with a physical line or a 21:14 cable they can go through walls so if you have an apartment building that's right next door to somebody else what's 21:21 to stop your neighbor from grabbing your Wi-Fi signal and then downloading that song via your internet 21:29 connection and doing a lot of it so that when the uh Motion Pictures of America 21:36 or the radio industry starts pounding on your door to can charge you with 21:42 copyright infringement what are you responsible held 21:51 accountable is it not a fair question after all you didn't give the 5-year-old 21:57 or the 10y old old or 15-year-old alcohol but it was in your house you 22:04 didn't hand Billy the firearm but it was in your 22:10 house you didn't tell your neighbor it's okay to use your wireless router but the 22:17 wireless router was in your 22:24 house so if I were to commit a crime I would just start strolling down the 22:30 neighborhood finding first the wireless router that 22:35 isn't lock down or protect it and then if it is try to find the one that's using web so I can crack 22:43 it and then use your computer to commit the crime and with these Chromebooks that 22:49 are only like $200 I would buy it in cash and then throw it away after the 22:55 crime is committed by the way this isn't a class to teach you how to commit a crime hey I'm talking about retiring 23:01 soon so who's held 23:07 accountable should they start be pounding down people's door by the way if you're really smart about it 23:14 remember your computer is hooked up to this device so when they start pounding 23:20 on my door don't they need evidence so yeah I'll download that 23:28 music at the same time I'll give you a copy of 23:35 it so your computer's connected to this I'm over here downloading music and then 23:41 I'm going to send it to one of your devices on your network now it becomes really 23:47 interesting because when they do knock on your door you're like I don't download illegal music they're like we have a problem we checked your 23:53 computer and they see all those songs that were being downloaded 24:01 what defense do you have how hard is it to do something like 24:13 this so why are people going to court paying huge fines for copy 24:19 infringement copyright infringement when it seems like there is no Beyond A Reasonable 24:26 Doubt is there out have I introduced that to you guys 24:35 today interesting so why are we doing this why are we charging these people huge 24:42 amounts of crime does it seem like farfetch because they do take it to the 24:49 next level going back to what Adam said about the child Kitty porn or whatever 24:55 you want to call it um there was a teacher Ohio Oklahoma one of those o States if 25:02 you will uh a student was pissed off at him High School stud a high school 25:08 teacher and set him up he had a wireless router got onto his Network loaded 25:16 pornographic uh images on his computer and then called the FBI told 25:22 him about his teacher was arrested during that whole 25:27 Q&A session that they had doing this whole thing he said I have no idea what you're talking about they feel confident 25:34 this instructor or teachers being legitimate so they set up a track they 25:39 let the wireless router go and they check to see if anybody else 25:44 was coming and going out of this Wireless routing and found out that it was his neighbor one of his 25:55 students but to me knowing this 26:01 what if they didn't catch him at that particular Point what if this person was roaming around which we called Road 26:07 Warriors from hot spot to hot spot to Hot 26:12 Spot what about the legitimacy of cyber crime and how do we prove it and enforce 26:22 it I think it's like gun control right 26:29 it might even be underage alcohol and how we make it your responsibility and 26:35 if it comes from your home regardless of whether you commit the crime or not you're held accountable up to a certain 26:42 limit hence we need to talk about how to lock these wireless routers down we need to 26:48 talk about getting these types of 26:54 connections because in order to get into this type of connection you have to be in some somebody's house to do it 27:00 correct that means you need to have your doors locked your Windows shut off or sorry locked down and so 27:05 on well how about to get into a wireless router what do you need to do to do 27:12 that okay there's several different types of Technology like we or 27:20 WPA right now I think they're cracking WPA we has been cracked it's really easy 27:25 to crack you guys can download a program and start on your smartphone and they will crack that type of level 27:33 security what is it how does it work what are these wireless encryption programs 27:40 about well first of all how does wireless technology work because not only do we have Wi-Fi what else do we 27:46 have what other types of Wireless technology have you guys 27:53 used I'm using with this microphone here 27:58 about this Bluetooth right now Bluetooth is not 28:09 encrypted it's over the Airways if I am talking to Vanessa and I 28:15 say Vanessa did you get my email did you guys hear that 28:20 message did you guys answer or reply to that 28:26 message why not because it was addressed to 28:32 Vanessa you chose not to respond to it correct so this is what I was telling 28:38 Mariah when she's telling me about our hotspots right now we send a message to her little device asking can I get 28:46 permission because I'm following protocol what if I don't send that message asking for 28:52 permission and I start acting like I'm part of that Network she doesn't know 28:58 about that she thinks she's safe because anytime anybody's connected to her it mentions it doesn't have to 29:06 be because these Wireless signals are going everywhere all you have to do is tune 29:11 into it and say I am that person and I will open it 29:19 up all right so now we talk about encryption now the message is sent to 29:25 you question 29:33 no it doesn't have to show that because that one person that's connected I could 29:39 clone their Mac address their physical address so you see one person but as far 29:45 as I'm concerned what if you had an identical twin I wouldn't know that uh today was 29:51 the one twin and then on Thursday was another twin because they're identical correct so your other twin acts like you 29:58 they might have a different logical name but they look physically like you and I would have no idea even if we did a 30:04 photo id the only way I would know is through a genetic or maybe in a fingerprint right so that one device 30:11 that says on your phone the only way that phone knows it's connected because it has a physical address and when I 30:18 know what that physical address is I can copy it and pretend that I am that 30:23 device so then you only see one but that information is going to be 30:29 copied to both devices and that's the way I would get around that so now you're thinking 30:34 you're safe so let's talk about encryption if it's encrypted then all I 30:42 see is a bunch of gargled letters now I don't know what that address 30:48 is okay if I don't know what that address is then it's hard for me to 30:53 pretend to be that address correct so how good the encryption what 30:59 makes the encryption we have this thing called 31:04 photography and in cryptography we need a key like a past phrase that we use to 31:13 create an algorithm to gargle up the message here's an example of a key you 31:19 take the alphabet cut it in half and you let the 31:26 capital letter A be the capital letter n and you work your way down or you let the capital letter A do the capital 31:32 letter Z does this make sense folks so you have this alphabet and you say Okay a is now 31:39 Z and Z is a b would be what C would 31:49 be that's the key and that's the algorithm so if I wanted to spell tab the way it would be 31:56 spelled is X v y and you look at that and you see it 32:03 gargled up now that's a lame encryption method but as far as what we would do in 32:10 this classroom that would be just fine if you're passing around with love notes or if you're texting into a 32:18 plan eventually somebody's going to figure it out because the more text 32:23 that's being passed this way there's going to be a like a pattern Market 32:28 you're like wait a minute how about we do this like for instance 32:34 numbers have you guys seen this 32:41 before where have you seen that type of layout all right so let's use the jump 32:47 over method a nine is a one a seven is a 32:52 three a two is an eight a four is a six and A5 is a 33:02 zero now we can get really elaborate with this because haven't we've also seen 33:17 this and so maybe if I want to spell tab maybe what I will do is say 2 33:25 three and then this is all on two it might say 21 oh wait a minute but I got 33:31 to change this around eight and then let's do B B is going to 33:38 be 8 33:45 two eight is this but we got to hop over to two three is 33:53 one 2 3 so this tells me by pairing these up 33:59 this is a C eight and one tells me that this is an a eight and two tells me this is a b 34:08 there's the word tab a little bit more complex compared 34:14 to this method right so the key gets 34:21 evolved this is why when you guys are shopping online you see like that https and it might say 256 bit encryption what 34:29 they're saying to you is they use 256 bits so take two R 256 that's how 34:36 many unique combinations they have for each letter so if you have a 16 34:42 digigit credit card number it's going to look like it's a Million numbers and 34:50 letters how do you know where the number begins and where it ends 34:55 correct this whole encryption stuff is all over whether it's https whether it's 35:00 web WPA and so on and so forth but the key literally is the key the 35:08 passphrase how often do you guys change your passwords how strong are your 35:15 passwords how many letters how unique are your passwords by 35:22 the way I mean letters numbers and symbols right because you should probably do a variation 35:28 and do you how often do you change it with your wireless network because this key is staying the 35:35 same it's like the lottery number staying the same and eventually you're 35:40 going to hit it correct there are 36 unique 35:47 numbers per each place right what's the lottery six 35:53 numbers or five plus the Power Ball I don't know so five places each from 0 to 36 36:02 correct plus the sixth place I believe the power ball goes up to like 45 or 50 36:07 you can pick any number from 0o to 50 which means it becomes a lot harder the probability of catching or 36:14 guessing a lottery as you guys know it not in your 36:20 favor but it's that number stayed the same and you could have a billion 36:25 tries Now is it going to start becoming your favor so what good is all this security 36:33 stuff which we'll get more into on Thursday's class if you guys don't change your 36:39 password every two days or every two weeks better than what you're changing 36:45 it now let's take a survey anybody change their once a 36:50 day how about two days once every two days three days 36:57 you guys should change your password you change your under about once a 37:05 week and that becomes the technique we need to learn 37:12 you don't know the password you make a system the system is easy it's a rule 37:21 the rule can be repeated and each time generates a different outcome and to 37:26 each is their own which is what makes it safe don't share your rules I'm not sharing mine with you 37:34 however I will give you an example of a 37:44 rule first thing is we need to establish that all your passwords must be unique second thing we need to agree on 37:51 is that you should change your passwords often third thing your password should 37:57 be super long correct fourth thing your password 38:02 should contain numbers letters and 38:07 symbols good about that unique passwords for every site super long change 38:15 often goofy looking nope how do you manage all that 38:34 that a password could be it means one out of 38:41 the conditions it's pretty long right counting the spaces I have 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 38:48 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 that is super long it's easy to remember too 38:54 right it's the truth I got capital letters and I have lowercase 39:04 letters let's do some character substitution how about 39:11 I becomes the number one from now on you guys associate the I 39:17 with a particular letter or a number I might leave L alone and I might 39:25 put it right next to it because it's a capital or I might choose to make L the number 39:32 seven I might make the o a zero hell I might even breviate a 39:40 love to be Lu UV or something like that it's my own 39:46 rules v h like I said let's abbreviate this 39:54 maybe I'll put a u here or I could leave it as a v it doesn't matter with me 40:00 because all I'm doing is just some character 40:09 substitutions this class could work but we had to make it 40:15 unique this becomes my Gmail password why can't I put that in 40:24 there I could capitalize it all I could go back to making it character 40:40 substitution placing the eye with a one maybe the G with the 40:47 six and I only have one symbol in there I probably should have more 40:53 symbols so maybe I'll replace my m 40:58 with a hash I personally like to use symbols that are very I shouldn't say this but are very similar like the a 41:05 with an at symbol maybe maybe a b with a carrot symbol I mean after all if not just 41:13 upside down and it cars what shift six so let's see the rules we cared 41:20 pretty long password right it's got numbers and letters and 41:26 symbols uniqueness because if I have a Gmail password and I have a y Yahoo mail 41:37 password oops I wouldn't do this I would then say 41:44 Yahoo now I got to do the character substitution so this becomes an at symbol these become 41:53 zeros you see the first part of my password's the same 42:00 but the last part is different whether this is my first or my last part I will never tell you these are my rules okay 42:08 now I said you should be changing your passwords like you change your underway maybe that's a little over exaggeration 42:14 you should probably set up priorization my credit card companies I 42:22 only go on there once a month when I pay my bill correct after I get done paying 42:27 my bill for my credit card company I automatically change that password here's what's interesting about 42:34 it I paid how often tell me about our monthly 42:42 calendar you see anything that repeats there's going to be another 42:48 January I hope so why don't you set your password up as being like the 42:54 beginning the month that you're in like I know I'm going to pay my bill for May 43:00 so maybe my password's going to be for next time CU I just got them paying my April Bill 43:08 05 I love I let me give you a card let's do a 43:15 capital 43:23 one got to be unique each time correct and may I pay the bill I change it and I 43:30 put a six in there now is it different every month 43:37 would I recommend that you guys do it that way well now that it's on YouTube no but maybe you pay them same yay maybe 43:45 you pay um maybe you use the letters of the month maybe you'll get creative and 43:52 say let's use the Roman Calendar or some other culture count you get the point 43:59 here you just made four rules you remembered the rules and you apply them 44:05 to get different results here's a phrase something that nobody else knows 44:11 but you know doesn't hurt you might say it all the time don't worry about other 44:16 people catching on with your phrase I always say you know uh you know what I'm talking about or something along those 44:23 lines so that might be my phrase 44:29 change it around do character substitution to that phrase don't use the whole phrase use 44:37 part of the phrase after that append the 44:43 website to or whatever you're doing like if this is your Wi-Fi password pH use 44:49 Wi-Fi or use whatever it is to your phrase that makes it longer 44:59 last created period of change bills once a month my bank every week I'm changing 45:07 my bank password emails I am changing a 45:13 particular email every day you need to be careful about 45:18 this I have multiple email accounts I have a Spam account when I go shopping 45:26 at the mall or wherever and they ask me for an email address and I can get 5% off I'm like sure I will never check it 45:33 and it's going to cyber hell so send it to Nick Andre 45:39 yahoo.com I don't give a what's going on because all of my 45:44 whether it's fake web mails or sorry fake websites that require you to put a 45:50 email in or whatever goes to that do I mix business with pleasure no not what 45:56 it comes to emails that's my spam email I will use it only for spam 46:03 stuff next level I have an email for my financial stuff Bank credit 46:09 cards that's the email I change every day and I only use it for that so if I 46:15 have to log into my credit card account that's the one now do I make variations 46:20 of that one absolutely and I use different companies I might put all my 46:25 Capital One credit card email to a Yahoo email 46:30 account same first part but now it's at Yahoo or Gmail or Hotmail or so on and 46:37 so forth do I use the same passwords for each of those sites no why am I that 46:44 peculiar why do I have all these emails and why do I classify certain activities 46:51 with certain emails 46:57 ever had your email hack not that hard to 47:05 do especially if you're browsing on an insecure site or uned 47:10 Channel if they catch your email folks tell me what is the 47:16 process of retrieving a lost password Facebook you guys forget your 47:22 password tell me what is their process 47:28 so wait a minute if I go on to your Facebook account now I know your username how do 47:35 I lock this password down how do I lock the countdown even that you can't get into 47:42 it just type in random passwords right after so many tries what's 47:47 Facebook going to do lock it off and it's going to say 47:53 please enter your email so now wait a minute we become creatures of habit it how many people when the first thing 47:58 they do when they get up in the morning is follow a procedure like take a shower put on their 48:07 underwear and throughout this procedure after you get yourself all dled up you 48:12 go into Facebook then how many of you guys when you first come into this class be honest you log in and you check your 48:18 Facebook account or your email so if I was doing this on a lab 48:26 computer that's not protected doesn't require you guys to log in but I know 48:32 you have this class I know when it meets where it meets and you guys from the 48:38 beginning of the semester you've all sat in the same 48:45 seat you've made my job so much easier see I don't like calling them hackers I 48:51 like calling them social engineers 48:57 because I can do it several ways they make this little nice USB 49:02 device by the way how does your keyboard mouse pluged into your computer through USB 49:11 right so if I make this dongle and have my USB keyboard plug into this which by 49:19 the way it's in the back of the computer probably under a desk so before you guys come into classes any of you guys get 49:25 down your knees and check notice I said check for the password not for exit credit so does anybody get on 49:31 their knes look behind their computer to see if their keyboard is plugged into a foreign 49:42 device no now we've learned about how your keyboard works and every letter you 49:47 guys typed in appears as a binary pattern travels through this 49:53 wire so if it's plugged into a dongle what you that dongle is going to do 49:59 it'll record every keystroke that is to say 50:05 [Music] facebook.com something you type in or maybe you click doesn't matter because 50:12 we can plug your mouse into this what's the next thing you do after 50:18 you type in Facebook on the box it says username you type in your username what is the next 50:24 thing you type in something that might look goggled up like this and then you click submit thank you so much for 50:32 making my job easier that's the easiest way to get 50:38 some the username and password 50:45 predictability it doesn't matter how strong your password is and how often you change your 50:51 password if you guys are predictable you make it easier for those 50:58 other people you might have a class with a lab certain certain period you guys sit in 51:04 the same seat done right what's the next stage now I'm teaching this so you don't 51:10 go and do this but rather you learn from this and I don't want to make you guys all paranoid do me a favor once in a 51:17 while change your damn suit make me feel like you learned something and you're a little bit safer 51:23 and a little bit more conscientious about this stuff because we're talking about cyber crimes and how I could use your identity or your computer to commit 51:30 the crime and walk away handfree what if I don't have luxury getting into your house to slip this 51:36 device what's another way of doing it what about Trojans I'm not talking 51:42 the stuff that you have a good time with how you doing 51:49 Adam the other one talking about Kitty porn Okay so 51:57 what are Trojans when it comes to 52:02 software something that you want right so it came back from this war between 52:08 the Greeks and the Trojans and the Trojans were very proud of their horses 52:13 right the Greeks were like we're getting her ass kicked because we can't go through their Fortress they have this huge wall the gate on it so the Greeks 52:20 got a little clever and they built them this huge horse out of their boats 52:27 right because they figured hey we lost a lot of people we don't need all these boats let's tear it down build this 52:33 beautiful horse in honor of getting her ass kick maybe it was a trophy to worship 52:40 the gods for C Journey back to Greece they didn't leave Greece right they took 52:46 a few soldiers smuggled them inside the cavity of this horse and the Trojans Stout this is our statue let's honor it 52:53 they had him tear down their gate if you will horse got in middle of the night 52:59 soldiers came out of the horse they opened up their gate and the way they came in flies perfectly software 53:06 especially when you guys want to get illegal music or movies or whatever the case may be there's got to be software 53:12 that's going to do this for you right what is software a list of instructions it tells your computer what to do okay 53:19 so you download a program that you want I will embed another program that you don't want that might keep track of all 53:28 your keystrokes now that you're connected to the internet it'll mail me at a drop box drop location all the 53:38 stuff that you've been typing in on your computer now with that I can go to those 53:43 websites and try it this is why you should change your passwords frequently 53:48 right because one this program has to upload it this person has to go get it 53:54 process it and then try it out this is why after I get done doing my banking I change the password right then 54:00 and there so that even if the person does get it but now the question is Nick but you changed your 54:07 password if they had this program installed on your computer would they also get the new 54:12 change yeah I don't change it with that 54:18 computer very paranoid maybe I set all my illegal 54:24 activities on another computer maybe a virtual machine and then I do all my other stuff on another computer 54:31 computers are getting cheap maybe maybe you might consider doing all your sensitive activities Banking and any 54:37 transactions like that on a computer that's just that not allow to download or install software that has one 54:44 purpose so that when this activity does happen you sort of mitigate and that's 54:50 the point you can't eliminate security threats you try to minimize that 54:56 so that's Trojans in a nutshell what's another way of trying to get somebody's username and 55:04 password now we just said it earlier as I was alluding to it I lock your password down 55:10 correct you are expecting something from someone I lock your Facebook password 55:17 account out because I can do it from any computer you go in you're like oh it's no big deal I guess I forgot my password 55:25 foolish me so then you go to your email 55:31 account if it's the only email that you have that's easier for me to 55:37 guess now you're going to get an email You're Expecting from Facebook and you're expecting it to 55:44 look a certain way correct and then you expect the link 55:49 that you click on to reset the password so sure what's to stop me from making a 55:57 website sending you an email with a link to this by the way what do we call this 56:05 fishing because I guarantee you I'm G to get at least one of 56:11 you now this is why we try to keep our passwords unique for everything because if you didn't get hooked into that 56:20 scam now it's only your Facebook that's compromised because I only did it 56:26 because be honest with you folks let's take a survey how many of you tend to use the same password more than once you 56:32 don't have to tell me what you use it for but more than once see I know I'm going to get one of 56:38 you guys and in that password you guys tend to use it for sensitive sites that could identify you whether it's like 56:46 your financial aid or your credit card or your bank so if you use it on a social site 56:54 and then I lock that down was really easy to do and then you follow this 56:59 procedure now I'm just going to go to those other sites that you use and I'm in by the way a really good fishing site 57:07 in scam would be I'll let you change it and I'll go change it on Facebook for 57:13 you so that you think the change happened right it doesn't make sense to lead into a web page that doesn't change 57:20 the password for otherwise when you go back to Facebook and try this out and it 57:25 doesn't work what are you going to think maybe I've been scammed right but 57:32 if it does work what are you not 57:37 thinking something happen 57:43 so how do we prevent scamming by way we can't stop it so how 57:49 do we minimize our threats how do you guys handle this this 57:54 is something you guys experienced all the 58:00 time will that handle it though an antivirus software will that handle fishing typically an antivirus software 58:07 just strictly that not those Universal tools uh are scanning files that have malicious code in it that might cause 58:14 harm or read things that you type in a keyboard but this one I'm not trying to read anything I'm just asking you to give me this 58:21 information like for instance it depends on how difficult you going to be when you get pulled over by 58:27 a cop you've heard stories right what's to stop me from painting my car blue 58:34 throwing some sirens on there and dressing up like a police officer and pulling somebody 58:43 over you guys think I have a look get some donut St on my outfit no 58:50 I'm just kidding how do you guys know when I pull 58:55 you over that I'm a police officer you want to see my badge is it 59:01 that hard to have you ever seen a real police officer's badge how would you know the difference between a fake one 59:07 and a real one if you've never seen it we're battling our heads with this academic policy about online classes and 59:14 how we have to force the final in person 59:20 right I've never seen these Kies before in my life you know what our policy is that 59:27 they have to take the final in person make sure you bring a photo ID says who you 59:34 are I don't have a driver's license Nick I don't drive I took a bus to get here 59:39 but I have this came out of my Kellog's box this morning all I had to do is lick 59:45 my photo on it it's not that hard to F an 59:51 ID maybe not to the point to get through you know custom 59:57 but for an instructor so you say who you say you 1:00:03 are but yet again I still don't know because I haven't had you prick your thumb and need do a DNA scan because I 1:00:09 don't have access to that information let alone that'd be a little personal 1:00:15 right so my question to you guys would be that's social 1:00:23 engineering milking information from you and you giving it 1:00:30 willingly being deceived into doing it so my question back to you is how do 1:00:39 you prevent yourself looking like a pool when you get those emails when you 1:00:46 get those phone calls when you get somebody that bumps into 1:00:52 you how often are you guys more prone to call some to fix your computer when 1:00:58 you're in a pinch maybe it's a Geek Squad person this can be really 1:01:04 elaborate it all depends on how much you're worth right you guys heard that one uh what 1:01:11 was it last week was it was one of those evangelists that was 1:01:18 targeted I mean talk about going all out that pretty impressive stuff that they 1:01:25 were doing 1:01:31 hacker yep yep so tell me some strategies that you 1:01:38 guys have tried to follow to help protect yourself best I mean when you 1:01:44 guys go into the city you guys still keep your wallet in your back pocket guys carry a big purse do it say Gucci 1:01:50 on it or whatever I mean why do you wear slum clothing I mean i' I've come from 1:01:55 region of Philadelphia so anytime I come down to Philly I'm wearing shitty clothing and literally it smells awful 1:02:01 it's got holes in it and it's like okay I mean you get some nasty stairs 1:02:08 when you go into a nice restaurant but I'm covering my back in and I don't put my wallet in it I put my cash in my 1:02:16 shoot it's always funny to go check out Miss second get my credit card 1:02:22 out maybe I'm paranoid haven't had my identity stolen 1:02:27 yet now somebody on YouTube I'm sure you guys but physically when I go in the 1:02:33 city I haven't worried about being mugged and I do leave some money in my 1:02:39 pockets so that I am mugged I can say here have 50 bucks leave you alone not don't tell me you're poor don't tell me 1:02:45 you don't have any money you know and they're going to go through my shoes and I don't want that to happen so I give 1:02:51 him a couple of bucks and throw them off 1:02:57 maybe that's what we can do when it comes to online protection maybe we can create from 1:03:04 passwords give you some leeway to think that they have something and 1:03:11 then departmentalize other 1:03:16 things maybe you don't care about having a Facebook account maybe you have multiple Facebook accounts maybe you have a world Facebook account like I 1:03:22 have a spam email 1:03:28 this is your opportunity to share with the class what's going on because folks this is going to concern you because it's never going to go away it's only 1:03:34 going to get harder and hence you got to escalate with it criminals are becoming smarter our next Warfare isn't going to 1:03:42 be a bloody shoot them up kind of deal there is one raging right now and guess 1:03:49 what not between countries as much as between corporations 1:03:56 I guess this one's between a corporation and a country China and Google are 1:04:02 having an allout Cyber attack the one with the biggest brain is 1:04:07 the one that's going to win should you be worried that China and 1:04:12 Google are waging Cyber Wars Adam shaking his head yes why why should you 1:04:19 be worried that China and goal are waging all out battle 1:04:38 why should that matter so China doesn't give a about copyright laws you good about that patents anything like 1:04:44 that so why should that matter why should China why is trying to trying to 1:04:50 attack Google and if not our infrastructure what does Google have 1:04:55 exposed to that China want to 1:05:03 get so you got this online privacy right that's stored in Google's databases so maybe Google shouldn't be allowed to 1:05:08 keep track of this stuff but more importantly besides the information what 1:05:14 does Google have that's within this 1:05:20 country within this network that China wants to 1:05:27 yet and it's not only Google it's your smartphones in fact maybe we should tell 1:05:34 Apple stop making your products over in China HP bring your damn printers back 1:05:40 in this country 1:05:48 why our devices are connected together our devices are used to share information correct let's look at at 1:05:55 this though for a second I print something out my credit card statement my 1:06:02 receipts there's some personal information that goes to this printer maybe this printer has a storage 1:06:10 device that I don't know about this happens in copier 1:06:15 machines and they sell these hard drives and these old refurbished copier machines and you can get 1:06:21 them and think about your taxes oh let me make a copy of them 35 Pages they have all that information 1:06:28 exposed to them it's stored on this hard drive on this copy or on this printer let's have access to it so Google and 1:06:36 China maybe China's battling with Google because Google has a lot of servers a lot of processing power and it's within 1:06:43 this country if they can embed a virus into Google's algorithm and all 1:06:50 their software and all the Americans that use it China can get to know 1:06:56 us where we are what we do that's one level what about our 1:07:03 Hardware our devices that we buy remember we need software to tell the 1:07:09 hardware what to do so we 1:07:15 export China hires a bunch of kids we have no idea who's working for 1:07:23 these companies what their backgrounds are whether they are a Chinese government 1:07:29 spy a disgruntle employee or a hacker that's getting paid 1:07:35 millions of dollars and they upload this 1:07:40 software this little patch that every packet that comes through this switch or 1:07:45 this printer or that phone gets routed somewhere 1:07:51 else this is like that Superman thing right one1 of a Penny would you guys 1:07:57 notice for every transaction that you made somebody stole a pth of a penny from 1:08:04 you if you make a hundred transactions what's that a 1:08:10 dollar R you do you made that but guess what everybody's using that ATM that was 1:08:17 built in China that has the same software now if a million people you 1:08:25 that same ATM and make 100 1:08:31 transactions I have a million dollar that goes 1:08:42 unnoticed isn't that startling I'm thinking let's write the software let's start making this country third world so 1:08:48 we can develop these Hardware products sure pay me a dollar an hour I'm happy 1:08:55 to work for a dollar an hour because I know in a month I'm going to be a 1:09:02 millionaire isn't that frighten you can you guys tell me what is not 1:09:10 controlled in this country by some form of computing device whether it's connected to the 1:09:16 internet or not can you tell me where you can get a 1:09:22 job where you'll never have to use computers can you tell 1:09:27 me what Energy company what telephone company doesn't use computers whether 1:09:34 keep track of billing keep track of security those little signin cards the 1:09:41 Biometrics or whatever the case may be and those devices that are managing 1:09:48 these companies can you tell me where do you 1:09:54 think those devices are 1:10:00 made I say by America not only to help our economy 1:10:09 out but to make it a safer country it might not seem much to you 1:10:17 but we're losing jobs because of this we get these 1:10:22 patents what company in here goes bankr rupt because no longer can they sell this camera because China has 1:10:30 it and selling it for a lot less and what do you guys do when you're going 1:10:38 shopping we buy the cheapest product we don't care about where it came from we don't care about the ethical dilemas 1:10:44 that it caused we don't care about it caused Billy's Dad's 1:10:50 job there's a whole lot of things going on that we tend not to think about 1:10:55 because it doesn't affect us personally for one and 1:11:01 second it seems so M what kind of harm can it do would you 1:11:07 have a problem if somebody stole one tenth of the penny from you it'll take you more time worrying 1:11:13 about that one t of a penny then to say what you 1:11:21 do what makes cracking passwords breaking down 1:11:27 algorithms possible and what determines the speed in which that 1:11:34 happens we've learned about this back the beginning of the semester what affects performance 1:11:42 folks memory what else think about the three three parts 1:11:50 of the IPO right CPU memory storage 1:11:56 we all good with that if we can connect them all together 1:12:01 via this internet we can have every computer in 1:12:08 this country or every Computing device donate clock speed processing 1:12:14 power one an army of one you're not scared 1:12:21 about if it was you guys vers me who should be shipping their 1:12:27 pants I saw that Kmart 1:12:32 commercial I should be worried because it's one of me versus many of 1:12:38 you right if you're the US government and 1:12:44 there are literally billions of computing devices 1:12:50 attacking their databases should they be worried 1:12:58 we called this grid Computing uh anybody have a PlayStation 1:13:03 3 uh you notice when you first booted it up and you hook it up to a network did something come up asking you to be 1:13:09 generous with your CPU something about trying to find a fight for cancer or kill for cancer not 1:13:16 trying to find a fight for cancer I don't know if you read the end user license agreement but if you put a 1:13:22 check in there they would have asked you if you'd like to have done donated some of your CPU power to this what it would 1:13:29 do is like in the middle of the night it'll turn your PlayStation 3 automatically on and all these PlayStation 3es all over this country 1:13:36 would go to like the American Cancer Society and grab a chunk of data and 1:13:43 process it together because think about the human body what makes us all 1:13:51 unique our DNA right what's it 48 chromosomes or 46 chromosomes 46 1:13:58 chromosomes that gives us all the different possibilities folks there's literally trillions upon trillions upon 1:14:03 trillions of unique combinations that the DNA can make so we're trying to crack the human code with these 1:14:11 PlayStation 3 devices why so we can make the human DNA 1:14:19 stronger to be immune to cancer 1:14:25 and we feel that if we can all pitch in a few clock Cycles it'll make us that much closer to 1:14:32 finding cure there's technology used in good and bad as 1:14:38 always the same technology that's implemented to find the cure for cancer the same technology that could be used 1:14:43 to take over our country we will go quietly in the 1:14:50 night with this technology one day we will wake wake up wondering who we are what Allegiance we 1:14:57 will swear to because it's not the dollar 1:15:04 anymore and it's not that it happened with L force it happened slowly over 1:15:10 time we lose our jobs we use our we lose our technology we lose our 1:15:16 intelligence we start to question you guys when you get a job are leing on a 1:15:22 global platform I post my videos on YouTube for the 1:15:28 world to see am I losing a possibility of potential students in the future 1:15:36 absolutely how you guys behave in this new world completely entirely up to you 1:15:42 and how you survive will depend on your intelligence how trick or how trickery 1:15:49 you can become I put my wallet or my cash in my shoes when I go to the cities 1:15:55 to protect myself how you guys interact with each other 1:16:01 online might follow a similar procedure how do you find drugs or 1:16:09 prostitutes on prist is like you can find prostitutes 1:16:16 and drugs on tell me how it's talking about that all right I'll talk to you 1:16:21 guys on Thursday we'll get into PowerPoint this is basically Bally Thursday's class in security and ethics 1:16:27 if you will we'll get into ethics later you guys take care uh like I said I'll see you on Thursday

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About this video

Video Title: Lecture - Networking Issues
Channel: Nicholas Andre
Speakers: Nicholas (Nick) Andre
Duration: 01:16:33

Overview

This lecture discusses networking concepts, security issues, and ethical considerations. It covers network topologies, IP addressing, subnetting, wireless security, encryption, password management, social engineering, Trojans, phishing, and the geopolitical implications of hardware and software manufacturing. The speaker emphasizes the importance of proactive security measures and responsible online behavior.

Key takeaways

Network Topologies and Addressing: The lecture reviews basic network topologies (ring, bus, star) and explains the structure and rules of IP version 4 addressing, including the concept of network and host addresses, and the role of subnet masks.
Home Networking and Security: It highlights the common setup of home networks using switches and routers, emphasizing the need to secure wireless connections with strong passwords and encryption (WPA/WPA2) to prevent unauthorized access and potential misuse.
Password Management: Strong emphasis is placed on creating unique, long, and frequently changed passwords with a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols. Techniques like character substitution and using passphrases are suggested for creating robust passwords.
Cybercrime and Social Engineering: The lecture details various cyber threats such as Trojans, phishing, and social engineering tactics, explaining how attackers exploit human predictability and trust to gain access to sensitive information or systems.
Geopolitical and Ethical Considerations: It touches upon the broader implications of hardware and software manufacturing, particularly concerning China's role, and how this impacts national security, job markets, and global cyber warfare. The use of technology for both good (e.g., medical research) and bad is also discussed.

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What is the difference between a logical layout and a physical layout when discussing network topologies?
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