Seminario 6 Dinámica del citoesqueleto en interfase y division celular - Tomas Falzone

About this video

• Video Title: Seminario 6 Dinámica del citoesqueleto en interfase y division celular - Tomas Falzone
• Channel: Biología Molecular y Genética FMED - UBA
• Speakers: Tomas Falzone
• Duration: 57:36

Overview

This video, presented by Tomas Falzone, discusses the dynamic nature of the cytoskeleton and its crucial roles in cellular processes such as polarity, migration, and cell division. It explores how genetic information influences cytoskeletal function and how disruptions can lead to diseases. The presentation details the three main components of the cytoskeleton—microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments—and their specific functions, as well as their involvement in cellular signaling and mechanics.

Key takeaways

• Cytoskeletal Components and Functions: The cytoskeleton is composed of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments, each with distinct roles. Microtubules are involved in intracellular transport, mitosis, and flagella formation. Actin filaments contribute to cell shape, motility, and muscle contraction. Intermediate filaments provide mechanical resistance and structural support, particularly to the nuclear lamina.
• Genetic Influence on Cytoskeleton: Gene expression dictates the type and quantity of cytoskeletal proteins, influencing cell structure and function. Variations, polymorphisms, or mutations in these genes can lead to altered cellular physiology and diseases like muscular dystrophies or skin conditions.
• Cellular Polarity and Migration: The cytoskeleton is fundamental in establishing cell polarity, enabling cells to differentiate apical and basal regions and specialize membrane functions. It also drives cell migration by coordinating cytoskeletal rearrangements in response to external signals, involving dynamic polymerization and depolymerization of actin filaments and the action of motor proteins.
• Role in Cell Division: During cell division (mitosis and meiosis), the cytoskeleton reorganizes significantly. Microtubules form the mitotic spindle, crucial for chromosome segregation. Actin filaments, along with myosin, are essential for cytokinesis, the physical division of the cell.
• Signaling and Disease: Cellular responses to external stimuli, such as inflammatory signals, rely on intricate signaling pathways that modulate cytoskeletal dynamics. Disruptions in these processes or in the structural integrity of cytoskeletal components can lead to various diseases, including cancer and genetic disorders affecting tissues like muscle and skin.