About this video

• Video Title: What Ozempic & Weight Loss Drugs Really Do to the Body
• Channel: Institute of Human Anatomy
• Speakers: Jonathan benan
• Duration: 00:16:36

Overview

This video explains how GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as Ozempic and Wegovy, work in the body for diabetes and weight loss. It details their mechanism of action, potential benefits including cardiovascular risk reduction, and discusses common and serious side effects. The video also touches on the financial cost, who might be a candidate for these drugs, the importance of lifestyle modifications, and the risk of weight regain after discontinuing use.

Key takeaways

• GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Explained: These drugs mimic and enhance the effects of the naturally occurring hormone GLP-1, which is involved in regulating blood glucose, slowing gastric emptying, and reducing appetite.
• Benefits: Primarily used for type 2 diabetes and weight loss, studies suggest potential cardiovascular benefits in certain populations.
• Side Effects: Common side effects are gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation), while more serious but less common ones include pancreatitis and gallbladder issues. Muscle loss is also a consideration with significant weight loss.
• Cost and Usage: These medications can be expensive, and their effectiveness for weight loss is generally linked to simultaneous lifestyle changes (diet and exercise).
• Consideration: The decision to use these drugs for weight loss should be made in consultation with a healthcare provider, weighing the risks and benefits against individual health status and the potential for long-term use and weight regain.

GLP-1 receptor agonists mimic the effects of the naturally occurring hormone GLP-1. This hormone is produced in response to food intake and has several key functions: it stimulates the pancreas to release insulin while inhibiting the release of glucagon, thereby lowering blood glucose levels. It also slows gastric emptying, which helps individuals feel full longer, and acts on the brain to reduce appetite. The drugs enhance these effects and have a significantly longer half-life than the natural hormone.

Some of the potential serious side effects of using GLP-1 receptor agonists, though relatively uncommon, include pancreatitis and gallbladder issues, such as gallstones. There was also an initial concern regarding an increased risk of thyroid cancer based on rodent studies, but this has not been demonstrated in humans. Additionally, significant weight loss achieved with these medications can lead to a loss of muscle mass along with fat, which is a serious consideration, especially for older patients.